Is the design appropriate for the African Burial Ground?
Why or why not?
 
What elements would you keep or change?

 
Public comments were submitted by people responding to exhibitions of the five final designs conducted by The National Park Service and the General Services Administration and also through the African Burial Ground web site. The comments were were gathered from September 7 through October 8, 2004.

You may jump to a specific set of responses by selecting from the list below:

Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
Federal Building, 290 Broadway
Fort Wadsworth Visitor Center, Staten Island
Brooklyn Historical Society
Bronx Community College
Langston Hughes Community Library & Cultural Center, Queens
Electronic Responses

 
Responses submitted at Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture:
 
• No.
• It is just not as evocative or beautiful as the Joseph DePace design.

• Yes. Very appropriate. Its symbolism (heavy use of Adinkra Symbols), titles (“For those who …,” and smooth architecture makes this model the best choice.
• I’d add a water source. Perhaps a pond or lake for libation. Also add pictures.

• Not really.
• It is more a monument than a burial ground.

• No change.

• Yes. Looks modern and very expressive. It’s a keeper.

• It is different typically African, it is modern yet traditional circle focuses on unity.
• Change nothing.

• Yes. It incorporates African symbols effectively and appears rugged enough to endure atmospheric conditions (weather, trash, vandalism).
• A fountain somewhere would be nice. A special area to pay respects or leave offerings (think the Vietnam Wall in D.C.) would be nice as well.

• Yes. This is my #1 choice. The architectural design, the Adinkra Symbols epitomize the history, struggle and enduring spirit of the black people.
• Accolades to all of the designers. If anything is to be added at all, it would be more color.

• Yes.
• It gives the sense of life with its designs of circles and symbols but also giving way to both celebration and remembrance.

• Yes. What tipped the scale for me was/is the ancestral chamber. The overall design of each presentation is compelling. Each has significant contributions. The choice was not easy. Whatever design is finally chosen, will do honor to the Ancestors.

• My wife likes this one.
• Keep procession into ground, like going into a tomb.

• Very interesting, however, other designs incorporate more above ground space.

• Yes. Undoubtedly “yes.” First, the symbolism, the architectural design (circular, symbolic of life, community, oneness…) it epitomizes struggle and triumph and … it simply says it all. I hope this is the top final selection!

• Yes. Because of the full history it provides but most of all, because of the wording in the center. That is quite beautiful!

• Yes. I like this design the best.
• I would keep all the elements.

• Very good.

• Yes. Well done. I would rate this second best.

• Yes. The design combines a number of key elements, including symbolism.

• The circular design has been used many times and will not be unique to this project. Good use of the available area. The designs are impressive and will bring the visitors into the site. The themes also give insight into the architecture.

• The only elements of this I like are the symbols.

• Yes. Appreciate the memorial wall and the inscribed historical periods. No benches makes the site more respectful so that people will not eat. Many African Americans don’t know their own history, and I truly appreciate the writings on the memorial wall.
• Keep it in its entirety. Fantastic!

• Yes. It explains the significance of the site, while encouraging people to stop and reflect.
• I’d question if the design is African enough.

• The Rodney Leon is most appropriate. It has a sense of awakening to it.
• I would add to it a place for offerings.

• Yes. Love the way he places the past with the future.
• Keep it all.

• No.
• I prefer more living elements in the design.

• This is my first choice because of the symbolism. This design also stands out because it maintains respect for those buried there.
• Change nothing.

• The best. This is the winner for me. Concept is most developed. The Hieroglyphics, signs, words express presence and memory. The walls are strong. This memorial lends to the individual and large groups to come and remember – to gather.
• The pillars look tall in the model, but in the illustration boards they look short – I think height is more attractive and regal – too short look like fire hydrants.

• The design is appropriate, but the below ground is too symbolic of the bottom of a slave ship.
• I would raise the circle to spiral upward to allow for more light to enter into the top of the memorial wall.

• More areas for classes of children to sit and study. Elements of water needed. Too minimal.

• No, don’t like it.
• I would change [whole] project.

• Excellent except I would like to see a replica of the original Statue of Liberty at the entrance—the one the French originally sent of the freed slaves-(male)
• Also inside walkway more history? On the outer wall more detail on who these people were & where they were from—also more on why they died.

• Yes. It has the right amount of symbolism & interactive space
• Change nothing

• No (though beautiful) Site too small for such a busy design
• [keep] None


• A solemn and spiritual spiral directs the mind towards the dead and towards heaven, [but] too formal, a place to visit and not to stay
• Keep symbols, the hole upwards in the statue and the ancestral pillars

• Yes. Outstanding design, will stand out, great work

• Nice Space. I like how they incorporated text into their design.

• It’s art—Its emblematic of everything it needs to represent, and it does so in style. The rest attempt what this one actualizes
• BIGGER. This should be big; would be perfect for the front of a slavery holocaust museum.

• [preferred design] Because it shows our past as well as our future
• Show more facial features of our people

• Yes. I think this design is the best one for the memorial. It includes a lot of what people want to express

• Love it!
• [change] nothing

• Too bright and garish, looks like a flying saucer. Too busy!

• Yes. Makes a space that requires entry and reflection

• LOVE IT!!
• Don’t change 1 thing.

• Yes. It lends permanence and importance to this site and the monument is dramatic and provides a sacred space within
• I would add more trees to make the ancestors have a more forested environment (trees at least on 3 sides) The design also needs an altar where we can leave gifts for the spirit of our ancestors and the addition of some ornamental grass to soften the space.

• Yes. Clearly states reason
• Need to have seats and meditative area i.e. DePace design

• No. Not enough ??? within the space to document it’s importance
• Add water to reflect the passage. Remove flowers and add sculpture

• No. This disturbs the ground
• [change] Too much digging!

• No. It’s beautiful, the ground design is meaningful but it lets too much of the outside world in the memorial. You don’t feel cut out of the city.
• I would combine the ground design with the colors of Groundworks design and all its surrounding woods and designs.

• 1st Choice. It combines all aspects of our history

• From a purely abstract/spiritual perspective this design is visually striking. However, the monument itself evokes a claustrophobic feeling. In addition, there seems to be minimal seating space provided—a fatal flaw. To my knowledge spirits never sit down. Human beings do. (Second Choice)

• Yes. Because reflected more to answer for the union of all peoples—Also the design is beautiful. Good luck. [respondent’s name]. Senegal, West Africa

• Firm yes!
• [change] none

• Strongly recommended. ******
• [change] Nothing.

• There are symbols appropriate to African culture.
• Keep the entire thing.

• It gives more history about the African people.
• I like everything about it. I wouldn’t change a thing.

• Yes. Powerful structural concept but I would not cover every available surface with symbols or words.

• #1. I know it is so because it’s beautifully with a light from the top which is meaning of life with light coming through is resembling life for those we have lost will always be in our hearts.

• I would have a glass ceiling that would cover the ancestral court.

• Yes, I like the circular structure and the libation circle!
• I think some effort should be made to have more African elements incorporated (Traditional plants and less concrete). Also should incorporate faces or names so we remember people who are really there.

• The construction is simplistic in its intent and should be. The memorial should be simple in order to evoke the complex emotions that the descendants of slaves will have. The appropriate symbols of our heritage are represented.
• [keep] All.

• The design is appropriate because the circular design denotes a continuum of life and completes the circle of Life to Eternity.
• I would keep all of the elements. I think it definitely speaks to the purpose of a Final Burial Place.

• Very Appropriate. Aesthetically it’s gorgeous, so it will grab the eye and interest. People will therefore stop and want to go visit. It is an all encompassing piece which not only informs about the history and significance of the project, but all the people’s and religions and customs of African and the African diaspora are represented. This is the clear winner!
• Add more trees if possible.

• Yes. Because, this designed represents most, the cause of the site and is not just about the art. I like the fact that it represents, not only the religions and culture in Africa, but outside of Africa as well. “Circle of the Diaspora.” Clearly the designer did his research and put a lot of work into his design.
• More trees.

• Yes
• Design is too complex. Keep themes

• No. Too complex.

• No.

• No. It does not depict the history of the ENSLAVED AFRICANS, dehumanization, the tern [sic], yet in spite of the none! Horror, the unpaid labor, most of the Africans who survived. Triumph in spite of the odds and the “stacked deck.”

• No. It looks over like a skate park.
• [add] a statue

• Yes. It caught my eye more than any other picture.
• I wouldn’t like to change anything.

• Yes. His is the only one to come close. The circle, the symbols are the same as those on the ancestors tombs and coffins. It compliments the design which is inside the building.
• I would add the children (something which honors the many children who are buried there and never knew freedom to be children. I would also add something that symbolizes the African Born in America in such a way that people will FEEL IT. I would add a place for a light and water.


• No. Has nothing to do with folks buried here. Overwhelms cemetery.
• Too much propaganda.

• Rodney Leon’s scheme evokes a very sacred Africa approach to the design with idea mixed with the symbolism of the Sankofa.

• Absolutely. [yes] The moment I saw the design it spoke to me and it is fabulous!
[change] Nothing- its wonderful.

• Very powerful and strong.
• I think the only change would be to heighten the outlining trees.

• Too busy for space.

• Very symbolic and spiritual. Beautiful design. Original and special.
• Definitely keep the circle of Diaspora.

• Yes. Very symbolic.
• Make a quiet moment so people can reflect. [seating?]

• No because it is to kitchy. A memorial should be more subtle, giving room to people for emotions and thoughts without forcing upon them a feeling of needing to be impressed by the monumental architecture. The architecture should not impose, but be simple enough to leave room for own interpretation.

• This one is alright but too busy for a small area.

• I do not like this design. The burial ground space is covered with the spiral processional ramp and the circle of Diaspora.
• I like the memorial wall and the ancestral chamber and wall of remembrance and pillars.

• Yes. While all 5 of the projected memorials are at once creative and attractive, I personally prefer Mr. Leon’s work. It has a universalistic touch that plants us squarely in the human family.
• I don’t feel the need to change a thing in this most beautiful manifestation of our cultural resurrection (that’s what it means to me). My only hope is that Mr. Leon’s work or whatever choice the majority identifies is built without unnecessary delay.

• Yes because it fits all of the designs now and also the same symbols that are on the coffins are on the Ancestral Liberation Court.

• Yes. Very classy.

• The depiction of all the different symbols from the nations of Africa gives the memorial the greatest level of remembrance.
• Put a mirror in the liberation chamber which would reflect light into the liberation court and light up the symbols on the walls.

• No.

• Beautiful scene.

• Expresses culture, creativity. Symbolizes ancestors.
• More trees, use black stone.

• Yes. The design is understated while maintaining areas to honor the ancestors. The Libation areas are particularly good aspects.
• [add] Seating for the elderly.

• The Rodney Leon design is appropriated because [it] encompasses the past, present and future spirit of Black people in America. I really like the circle and the light rings around a map of the world.

• Yes, the design captures a place of remembrance while incorporating a needed educational piece.
• Seating or a place of rest should be provided for people to converse and reflect peacefully.

• Yes/No. Encompasses Libation chamber and court, memorial wall, but the actual grounds are interrupted.
• [Keep the] memorial wall [and the] ancestral chamber

• Interesting but interferes with the freedom of this hallowed place. Interesting design especially the libation chamber and memorial wall and libation court

• Por el manejo del epacio

• This design is most appropriate. It is respectful and beautiful

• Not, resembles Ground Zero, inappropriate

• Yes, It expresses the culture of the people and honor their life

• Yes! It has visible symbolical, emotional and informative elements.
• Keep ancestral chamber


Responses submitted at the Federal Building, 290 Broadway
 
• Yes!
• Add lighting for [sic]. Ensure available seating for those who wish to contemplate.

• Every element of the design is appropriate. The use of the space, the institution of the event, the concentric circles all serve to evoke a special feeling about a special, contemplative place. Additional, it poses ancient design into the 21st century. The simplicity of the design may require why little [sic] The colors are fabulous.

• I like this design for its afrocentric approach.
• This design could use a well of souls or just some type of moving water design added.

• Best, especially the circle are with the world and the moving quote.
• I wouldn’t [change] anything.

• Yes!

• Nice. This is my second choice.
• Need seating (model not obvious) lighting.

• Yes, because of the symbols located around it.
• Keep the symbols, change nothing.

• Yes. I believe that despite the numerous countries form which our ancestors were kidnapped, this model with it’s symbols and colors, accurately depicts the cultural natures of all those nations interred in the African Burial Ground. I particularly life the fact that a time line has been provided detailing the history of our African ancestors in the Americas so that visitors will have an accurate and historical view as to what the African contributions to this country were at that time.
• I would change nothing.

• Quite appropriate! I love this one serene tasteful quiet.

• Yes this the one! Less Maintenance! Beautiful Display!
• No Change needed (Perfect!)

• This design is my choice! The circle signifies the entire World (Zodiac of Africans) The use of bright colors display the bright illuminating part of Universal Africa. The Pyramidal shape is indicative of the Nile Valley and expanding universal civilization (Amen)!
• I vote to keep all of the design.

• Must be collaborate with Joseph DePace – I love sculpture, somewhat 3 dimensional.
• Suggestion: collaborate with 1. Joseph DePace and 2. Sacred Ground.

• Yes, the best of the designs
• Needs more trees and plants/flowers. Keep the wall of Remembrance. The interior is like the bowel of a slave ship. Opening out to the circle there should be water flowing in a circular motion (spring and summer) returning back to Mother Africa. Lighting concept at night needed.

• Not bad, but DePace is better.

• No, it seems like it’s too dramatic. All of the symbols and the descent through the memorial wall into the chamber doesn’t work for me.

• After viewing the final five designs, I have come to appreciate Rodney Leon’s design for the African Burial Ground site. This design has respect, it stands as a solid piece which one could never forget, with a strong urban presence. I think our Ancestors would approve.
• As to what elements would I keep or change, the design is wonderful. I wouldn’t change a thing as to the architectural piece. However, I would like to see a waterfall or a reflective pool somewhere in that design.

• Yes! I like the concept of the ancestral libation court, ancestral chamber and the memorial wall.

• Yes.
• Add more foliage – trees (fruit bearing).

• I like this design- recalls the grandeur of our African past.
• Keep it as is.

• Yes. My choice #2. Does it have a name? Historically informative. Striking design.

• Not very welcoming. No real place provided to commute and reflect. No info on ancestors beyond.

• Very well formed.

• [Better] More represents a burial – w/ significance.

• Yes. It is beautiful. 1st Choice. I really love the Ancestral Libation Chamber.
• We must insure that it is always well maintained and that there [will be] severe punishment for vandalism and littering.

• No.

• Yes. (1st choice). This design makes a statement of past, and the wall to honor other ancestors. A great tribute to our ancestors.

• No. Doesn’t depict African experience except for the Sankofa symbol. Too international involving other groups. This is an African Burial Ground.

• This is my chief design – numeral one, because of the 360 degrees. The past has greeted the future and it doesn’t end there. I love the design. Very modern. Very much a door to all possibilities.
• I would add places to sit.

• [Yes]. Design covers all areas of sacrifice and remembrance.

• Yes. Think more appropriate for showing black history.

• I love this design. To me it shows what was lost or forgotten (our people) and re-discovered. Also it is circular how situations in our lives often come cull circle. It also looks as though the designer tapped into various aspects of the religions which we have be become part of our life here on this side of the world after being taken from our home land.
• I would not change anything here.

• Yes. Circular design. Narrative is excellent.
• Crypt area needs more attention. Can a large number of people assemble for celebrations?

• Yes. It remembers those who went before as well as those here now.
• Add a place to sit, meditate, and reflect.

• Yes. Connects past with the modern environment.

• I am torn between this and Groundworks, but I believe that Rodney Leon’s is the best. I feel this truly represents the African slave trade.



• Yes (#3 choice). Sacred. Strictly sacred. Love the “African flavor and history.
• Add trees. Less granite to make it more “warm.”

• Yes.
• I would keep it because it’s stone and it’s feasible with the NYC weather. It’s beautiful. Choose it.

• I’m not sure. I was impressed by the architecture. What do those symbols mean? I guess not.
• Don’t change anything.

• Too busy.

• Yes. Explains history of ABG.
• Keep as is.

• Yes, because of the design technique.
• I wouldn’t change anything.

• Seating should be around the inside and outside of circle.

• Good artistic and culturally pleasing.
• Raise walls and install drains to prevent flooding.

• I choose this one.

• Because it represents peace to me, best display shows each side.
• [change] None.

• Work with Joseph DePace.

• Yes. I like the circle (concentric look).

• The use of circles and curves and the Adinkra Symbols are aesthetically beautiful, however the Adinkra symbols suggest only one culture/nation of origin for the 20,000 ancestors and most of the proverbs the symbols represent have little to do with the actual burial site and the lives buried there. It seems historically out of context.
• I like the spiral and the ancestral passage that reflects “the door of return,” however, I don’t think visitors should be able to walk atop the 419 graves.

• No. Too much concrete.
• [keep?] Circle of the Diaspora Position and there’s a circle inside 290 Bwy Bldg.


• Okay (#3). I like the wall of Remembrance and the Ancestral Chamber.
• I’m not sure about the Libation- Chamber, need to change.

• Yes. I like this one especially if the blue is water. Very spiritual creative and interesting.

• Yes.
• More seating for elders.

• Yes, because of the symbolic designs incorporated into the structure especially around the circle of the Diaspora. It’s also more informational.

• The use of God, language, the map to show origin, the symbols on the wall
• I would keep the Wall of Remembrance. I would keep the spiral process ramp. I would change the map to highlight New York.

• Yes. It is simple but bold.
• It is great just the way it is.

• Yes, I like the design.
• Ancestral Libation Chamber is great.

• Like very much (favorite).
• Need water to represent the slaves thrown out at sea also water is a calming soulful element.

• Yes, outstanding, very deep. It’s great.

• No. Love the Ring, but the layout looks weird to me. Hate to find it desecrated by homeless because it’s open.
• I’d love to see the ting in a possible park though.

• Yes. It’s all designed with lots of stone. It rises above the horizon and can be seen from blocks away. Each element is meaningful and separate from the others.
• Keep all elements : libation court, ancestral wall, circle of diasporia, memorial pillars.

• Yes, much more symbolic.

• Yes, while the other finalists covered are respectful memorials, I believe this one captures the horror of slavery.
• The words cut to the soul of our enslavement to me this memorial would be gut wrenching and vie the decedents more of a spiritual awakening.

• Yes. I like the professional ramp and the below ground street level circle. I like the written memorial wall with Sankofa symbol. No. Don’t immediately feel the spirituality.
• Have seating area face the circle, as well as facing away. Floor design seems more appropriate for indoor floor. Like the marble. Like the ancestral chamber idea.

• Love the symbols. Perfect also
• [Add] (water??)

• No. It is too dark.
• [keep] None

• No. Too “technical” looking with hard surface areas. Not inviting.
• Keep map of Africa on floor.

• Yes.

• Love full space. Like symbols on wall. What do the poles represent?

• Yes.
• Add more trees.

• The ancestral Libation court should be kept. It’s a tradition to pour libation in remembrance of our ancestors from Africa.

• Yes. I believe it’s appropriate due to the design of it giving a sanctuary of the ancestors, giving history on the wall of remembrance – the pillars give off a sense of history and thoughtfulness or ancient times.
• More trees, some area to sit and pray or to converse about the exhibit. Not too people friendly. Not lit up. Not enough light and environmental.

• Monuments are astounding, but I think the symbols “not of” the African Diaspora, should be eliminated. Let’s keep this one for ourselves!

• Yes. The recitation helps all to keep remembering. The boat shape and place for folks to come inside is nice, but needs more earth and trees capable of being touched.

• Yes. Provides more of the concept of a sanctuary, easy to maintain. Great concept.
• Add some rocks for low maintenance. More trees.

• No.
• [change] Monument

• No – keep as burial ground, not WTC.

• Nice and open, but not place to sit. Compared to the other designs, it seems only half thought out, not as complete. As is, it is good, but I would not build it. There are others that are better.
• The designers need to complete their thoughts.

• My favorite.

• Yes. It brings serenity, though, and enhances one to feel the presence of spirits and hope. I like the wall of remembrance.
• [Keep] all. Add some fountain – water or a burning light to show spirits live on.

• This is the 2nd best design – very meaningful and significant.

• Yes. The best. It has Adinka symbols that show a connection with African traditional culture. The circular design shows continuity. The walls have educational info.
• Change: Take out the cress and menorah. The people interred here were most likely not adherents to either faith. Keep the Adinka symbols. Add some sitting areas/ benches.

• Yes. Excellent memorial tribute. Covers all the appropriate elements to memorialize African Americans.

• Very creative- museum like figure.
• Add more seating areas.

• Yes, I think that it is perfect. The designer is nice.
• I would put some seats around the outer part of the circle.

• Circle idea is nice but too plastic, needs a more natural selling with more life affirming materials.

• I think it properly recognizes the people’s contribution in life and allows spectators to reflect in a serene environment.
• Keep the wall of remembrance, ancestral pillars, and the Diaspora circle. Keep it all!

• Yes. Yes Yes. The sad bit with the tombstone but it also has hope in the circle of the Diaspora. Some illusion of an afterlife.
• It is great the way it is, it implies hope.

• Yes. Yes. Yes. Phenomenal design – powerful message, major tourist (international) attraction.
• It’s a teaching tool, maybe add element of water? Flowers?

• Yes.
• [change] None.

• Yes. I like the spiral and ancestral chamber as themes.
• Needs some landscaping which builds on a sense of place.

• Yes. I like the spiral and ancestral chamber as themes.
• Needs some landscaping which builds on a sense of place.

• Incredible design. This will be a remarkable accomplishment.
• I would keep everything. I see no need for change.

• No. The wall of remembrance is nice but the ancestral liberation court looks more like a park than a burial site.

• No.

• Sacred ground. Liberating the past to illuminate the future.

• Love it!! Love it!! This is my favorite. It encompasses all of the elements of African spirituality along with aesthetic beauty and elements of nature.
• Add more flowers or trees. This is beautiful, it moved me to tears.

• This one is also good, however concerned about the breaking of the ground. I like the symbolism; maybe we can add some of the symbols to Joseph DePace.

• Good instinct but seems a little to analytical for this project.
• Keep the spiritual ramp and circle of Diaspora and leave out the ancestral libation court (although that was an excellent addition).

• Yes. Wall of remembrance and ancestral libation court [liked]
• Combine the above elements with the Joseph DePace design.

• Appropriate, but not my first choice. In my opinion, it’s missing “something” besides what’s suggested below. Maybe somehow incorporate this design w/ Joseph DPace, Willie Birch. I like what’s being said and how it’s being presented.
• I LOVE the inscriptions in the stone of the ground within the “circle of the Diaspora.” Would maybe add benches on the outskirt of the “circle” and maybe within. Maybe a tall reaching fountain in the center of the “circle.”

• No. Too invasive, doesn’t seem to provide any area for contemplation.
• I do like the Wall of Remembrance.

• I would keep it just as it is

• This design shows the detail history and symbols of the ancestors. Excellent layout.
• Please add more trees and foliage.

• No, but it was the next best design [behind DePace] in my opinion

• Reminds me of African American struggle for freedom
• More trees

• By far, this is the best concept. The inclusion of Adinkra, the symbols of circles indicating the continuance of life, the use of color are all inspirational
• Keep all

• Yes! Because there is a shelter incorporated into the design.
• It’s fine as is.

• Yes, I think it is appropriate because it explains the design
• Keep the symbol but change nothing. It is all beautiful.

• OK
• No reflective garden

• OK- but a little too cluttered
• Add an outside wall—less clutter

• Not—Baseball Field

• Much historical significance in terms of its richness of historical energy
• I would keep as is



• Yes, it defines the cause!
• Add display faces of Africans

• I choose this exhibit because to me it was the closest reflection of African ancestry. The colors were representative of Kente cloth and the prayer room reminded me of the right of passage room.
• I would not change any elements of this design

• Yes, it is just right. It’s the perfect one. The rest are too commercial.
• I would keep everything, but put in something about Africans in throughout the Caribbean and South America and Central America.

• 2nd choice. Very sacred and solemn. Inspiring to look at and to reflect on.
• Add more plant life

• Yes, it seems more afro-centric than the others

• Yes
• Needs water. The ‘gathering place (circle of diaspora) has community walking away from our interred ancestors—our backs would be to them. How would offerings and libations be made? Turn the movement (chamber/wall) and circle around.

• No. Too similar to lobby mosaic; it needs to be more distinct, complementary

• Yes.

• I think that Rodney Leon’s design is the best to represent the African Burial Ground
• I think some water, or waterfall should be present. It brings a peaceful vibe.

• [Yes] Because of the Memorial Wall and Ancestral Chamber
• In the model, the orange color should be a more deep color as in the photograph.

• I prefer two designs for the interior [Leon] and exterior [McKissack] of the African Burial Ground—The Rodney Leon design in its entirety for the interior portion of the ABG—The interior design is necessary because it offers a certain level of privacy to the visitor that may be overwhelmed by the magnitude of history of the ABG and offers the opportunity for the individuals to pray and mourn the deceased.

• My 2nd choice. Fulfills the qualities mentioned for DePace.
• Keep all proposed with the addition of higher hedging along Duane and Elk Streets. This screens out the busy vibrations outside the park. Also add a few trees inside the hedging; like the ones along the back side of the park.

• Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Rodney Leon’s design is the only design I feel is appropriate for this site. It has symbolic meaning to our ancestors, it gives thanks and recognition to our ancestors who have died for us to be free and to be judged as human being and not by the color of our skin. It has a place where you can come and give thanks and think about the trials and tribulations we as black people have been through and survived. It also has a place where you can go and pray to God, Jehovah, Jesus, Allah or pray for whomever you believe in. When I look at this design, I say to myself we as black people had to face many hardships and evil through our history and in our lives. But yet we are here and still standing, because no matter what hardships we had to face and are still facing today, we have a strong and rich heritage that no one can take from us. The design says to me: We fall down, but we get up, for where there is a will there is a way. For we are black beautiful, strong, gifted, and rich in spirit, and no matter what trials and tribulations are put in our pathway, we well overcome it, through the grace and by the grave of God. For we all are God’s children, and God never gives you more than you can bear. He may not be there when you want him to be, but he’s always on time. So be proud of your hair, your thick lips, your full hips, your body shape, your blackness, your bothers and sisters, your history, for we may not be rich monetarily but we are rich in ways that other cultures will never understand. So, Love yourself, love your skin, love your history, love your family, love your neighbors and most of all love your God. For we come this far by faith!
• What elements would you keep or change?: I would not change any elements of this design, but I would like to make a suggestion to add to it. The definition of each symbol should be engraved next to each symbol.

• No. Although it is quite attractive, This also does not reflect a burial space. It seems to take away from the fact that there are graves under the ground.
• This design could be used in another venue – just not here.

• No, too much like a WTC monument.

• No. Too simple for such a great honor.

• I choose Leon. Everything is colorfully designed.
• I would keep everything.

• Yes. His design is my favorite out of the entire group. His design is inventive and I think it was a good idea to include in the timeline the events which led up to the creation of the memorial site.
• Keep everything and don’t change any part of his design.

• It best reflects the African Burial Ground.

• No, Profoundly so. The reality of this design as shown in the model is profoundly disturbing, as it is an appalling violation of hallowed ground, visually a huge knife blade slicing up bodies, threatening for eternity. The photos and virtual presentation were quite stunning, although clearly overwhelming, the site in meaning and history. The model reveals the actual experience to be more intrusive and impositional and is shocking in its disregard for the reality of the site and human beings who rest here. This ultimately is a monument to the design and not the people interred here who reality is horrible pierced here. The designer is more committed to his text than the souls of folks here.

• Boring
• No Comment.

• I like the concept and the overall story.

• No—signs/symbols too complex—ultimately would be ignored

• No
• The design is nice as well as the history on the wall

• Yes. Like this the best—shape, sense of drama—threads, themes (lost, left behind, stolen, forgotten) tied together
• More greenery—we are people of earth, trees, plants. DePace has the idea there.

• [DePace and Leon designs] Fusion of the two!!!

• Yes, beautiful settings
• Keep

• No, too formalist
• Wall transparent? Too separating.

• Yes, Feel [the design] completely responds to our forum suggestions, honors the ancestors and historically places ABG for future generations—teaches with dignity

• No. Utilizes “formula” circular design similar to Groundworks’ entry. Nice design but inappropriate for its intended purpose as an African burial ground memorial. Would look great in front of NASA headquarters or the Smithsonian Air & Space Museum.

• Yes, This is by far the best design. It is unique, and it takes you on a journey. It will become a tourist attraction in and of itself.
• [change] nothing

• Yes. It has a style and a theme. I like the idea of a journey in the site. Again, I would surround it with trees to make a more private space.

• Yes, [it] has meaning and symbolism, is uncluttered.
• Needs areas to sit

• Yes
• [keep] wall of remembrance, memorial wall

• very good
• [change] none

• It represents the memorial concept, not just a public park!!
• More trees, shrubs, flowers!

• Yes.
• Provide a stronger buffer between site and street

• Desecration of the Burial Ground; frightening intrusion
• Eliminate text, keep bulldozers out of this ground

• Beautiful graphics. Bad model! But definite YES! Strong striking focused! Strongly universal, easy to maintain. Best reflects “Ring” at 290 Broadway
• Provide additional seating for contemplation, security

• Very harsh

• This design is effective at connecting the people who were enslaved and buried to the place of their origin. This is accomplished in part with the incorporation of a map of the African continent. The ancestral chamber provides a quiet space to repose and reflect. The wall provides a mark that here lies the dead since it evokes the image…It is also designed for minimal maintenance and lends itself to longevity. The design is simple and “classic” so that it may be appealing decades from now. This is the design I prefer most.

• I like the monumental aspects of this design although I’m not sure it will look as good as in the mock-ups. (I think the mock-up makes the space look more expansive than it is.)


Responses submitted at Fort Wadsworth Visitor Center,
Staten Island:
 
• Yes. It’s simple but looks like something sacred and spiritual

• Best of the lot, though building is awkward
• [change] building and give more historical info

• [Yes]. I think it is because of the map of Africa and mention of the diaspora
• I would not change anything

• I like this design the best
• [change] none

• Yes. This design fits into the urban environment and I like the symbolism it invokes on the etchings on the stone

• Yes. The flow of traffic is great and can be open at all times. There are many things to reflect on. The space can be used easily for gatherings or individual reflection
• Could the entrance way become dangerous? Closed-in space.

• Best of the five models—most durable materials (stone)
• Eliminate building/replace with 4 ft. wall

• Yes, needs focus on future
• Keep wall of remembrance

• The design is appropriate because is full of emotion and tranquility
• Keep all elements of the design

• No, appears too modern. Unless I was told it was an African Memorial, I would not identify it as such.

• I like the clean lines of this design

• Yes

• Yes

• Si


Responses submitted at Brooklyn Historical Society:
 
• Yes, beautiful, evocative, dramatic

• I like this one a lot. Would like to see more trees or something to section the site off

• [change] All, It shows no ties to the expressions of the historical aspect

• Yes, because it is user friendly enough for outdoor celebrations
• It could be just a little smaller

• Wonderful idea of the circle—continuation—unending

• No. This plan is closed off—stifling. Moreover there is too much concrete
• Education is needed, but not in the form of a concrete wall

• This design using the circle was appropriate. The ancestral libation court was appropriate. No other part of this design I felt was appropriate

• Yes. like the circular feature, telling the story

• No

• OK

• [appropriate] partly
• keep ancestral libation court and plantings

• I feel this design offers visitors to site food for thoughts and reasons for searching for more knowledge. This is need for some more trees on edges. What type of fencing will separate it from street, also drainage so water is able to wash paths, areas as Manhattan is dusty, and surfaces need to be graffiti proofed.

• The white shells would be covered with dust, dirt from New York city pollution, also the woven fencing would need to be built higher but blocks view from the street. The wall of checked blue people is colorful. Not enough to cause people to seek more information—draw into remembrance.

• No. too cold/ not like a burial place—no areas for seated contemplation
• [keep or change?] the wall of remembrance/memorial wall

• I like the circle very much—but the walls don’t seem to fit—the landscape of the design

• Too massive

• Yes. I like the circle of diaspora. To me it makes me think of the circle of confusion the slaves must have felt when they were forced to leave Africa
• Probably add seats.

• No. I don’t think focus should center on libations
• I would keep ancestral chamber and pillars, the circle, the walls (both).

• Yes. It shows another way that Africa has in the development of America.
• They should mention Judaism and Christianity in Africa.

• Yes, because if visual reflection of the memorial wall and ancestral wall
• Fabulous, would not change it.

• Yes mostly, approach to memorial
• [keep or change?] symbols, themes of remembrance.

• [Yes] continuity beginning from the motherland; ending back to the motherland.

• This was one design that I liked, but I didn’t get to truly vote if 5 people entered and was picked for this. I would put all of the artists’ displays up. No matter the space. It’s not fair that I only got to see some and not all displays.

• Best Design
• [keep] all

• I think this one is most appropriate because it effectively creates a space for remembrance
• I think some of the stone protrusions are a little harsh and should be more naturalistic

• Ghosts are spooky

• Yes—best explanation of why it is there!—probably the ‘toughest’ design for long term survival.
• Could be ‘softened’ like

• Second choice
• Add some seating or areas for reflection!


Responses submitted at Bronx Community College:
 
• I find it clean, elegant, strong presence—I love it
• [change] not a thing

• No

• No, its too complicated
• I’d keep the shape and change the colors

• The Adinkra symbols on the roof of the chamber are great—especially if it is written, inscribed, somewhere what they mean and where they are from (Ashanti, Ewe). We are overcritical—but—“All those who were left behind” does not keep the idea that we should “all” have fought to “stay behind” in Africa, not been on the slave journey.

• Yes. It has a universal appeal with the circle of remembrance
• I wouldn’t change anything. Keep libation court, wall of remembrance, pillars, memorial wall, and ancestral chamber.

• Strong. Powerful. Makes you want to reflect.
• [change] None


Responses submitted at Langston Hughes Community Library & Cultural Center, Queens:
 
• Absolutely! Represents the most complete design. It is inviting and opens enough that passersby would want to look at it.
• Keep the walls that explain why the design is there. The circular & world map part also unique. Change- add water to the design. Water is the most necessary element to life.

• Too futuristic. Seems like something from star trek. Also where are the actual grave sites?
• Very nice, but needs to be a bit more contemporary

• Yes. This would be my choice

• Yes! Yes! It is colorful, symbolic & incorporates all aspects of a memorial. (I.e. Ancestral pillars, memorial wall, middle passage memorial, circle of diaspora, etc, etc…)
• I would keep ALL elements of this design as it says it all!

• Provides in depth detail as to the nature of this site. It’s origin & reason for its existence
• Keep all- I love it!!!

• Mr. Leon’s design is the most thoughtful of the designs. His perspective of the global significance of slavery the transport of slaves from one continent to the next. The marble is a smart and very dignified way of presenting this honored sacred ground. The marble connotes a richness that the other designs do not.

• Yes. Very impressive

• Yes. Moving and sacred looking
• Needs more greenery and foliage and less concrete

• My favorite. Well thought out design. Ideas were clear and it seems to have a gist on self Imported program
• There really is little to change. Had a good sequence of spaces

• Yes. It was very informative
• I would like to keep the imprints on the wall and the spiral words that lead into Africa. I would change the entrance to the one in groundwork’s and put the mural from Depace in it.

• No. Too much building structure which blocks the view.
• I would keep the circle of diaspora

• I like the strength of the material and the boldness and imposing quality of the structure.

• Yes. I choose this one. I like the triangle ancestral chamber- because walking through it is like going on a ship for the middle passage. I like the ancestral libation court especially the map of the world centered in Africa. I love it. It represents longevity to me.
• I wouldn’t change any of the elements at all!

Electronic Responses:
 
• Yes. I am very impressed with the entire design. The most important features that would be very meaningful to visitors are the spiral processional ramps. What a way to begin the journey by walking six feet below the street level. One feature that really stood out to me was the ancestral Linarion Court. It’s a feature that would help visitors especially Black people to pay homage to ancestors to reflect and to never forget. The Adinkra Symbols are wonderful. I really hope that this design stands the test and emerges as the winner.
• Keep it all

• No. I don’t like the structure too much. It is shaped like a maze. However, the meaning is clear in bringing forth the truth about out African people.
• I would keep the Ancestral Chamber.

• No. I liked that it was touching, it is beautiful, and the message is felt in several ways, but I don’t feel like this design gets to the truth of what we are trying to preserve.
• I would keep the written message.

• Yes. This design is second in my choice. It does offer lots of space and room for the imagination and that aspect would keep the interest of the young people.
• The design elements are not easily changed and each design should be intact.